有木有遗传学高手或者英语高手能帮我翻译一下这几段文字啊……越快越好，100分悬赏
Glossary
Centromere drive: a model that proposes selection for the unequal transmis-
sion of competing centromeres in female meiosis.
Kinetochore formation : the formation of a protein structure that assembles on
the centromere and links the chromosome to microtubule polymers, which are
attached to the mitotic spindle during mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotes. The
kinetochore contains two regions: an inner kinetochore, which is tightly
associated with the centromeric DNA; and an outer kinetochore, which
interacts with the microtubules.
Negative selection : natural selection that selectively removes rare alleles that
are deleterious.
Positive selection: natural selection that favors a single allele, resulting in allele
frequency continuously shifting in one direction.
Recombinational cold spots: the genomic regions where meiotic recombina-
tion is severely or completely suppressed in contrast to the genomic regions
where meiotic recombination occurs normally or more frequently.
Sister chromatid cohesion: the joining of the sister chromatids of a replicated
chromosome along the entire length of the chromosome, a process that occurs
during mitosis. This cohesion cycle is crucial for high-fidelity transmission of
chromosomes.
Box 1. Unanswered questions
Roles of centromeric sequences
Both CRs and centromeric satellite repeats interact with CENH3 in all
plant species that have been investigated. Do these two classes of
centromeric repeat have similar or distinct roles in centromere
function? Non-CRs and single-copy sequences can also interact with
CENH3 in some organisms [11,25,40] . Are these CENH3-binding
sequences all required for centromere formation? The development
of artificial plant chromosomes might provide new tools to study
centromere structure and function. What are the minimal require-ments for assembly of a highly efficient artificial chromosome?
Divergence of centromeric components
Centromere drive has been proposed to explain the rapid diver-gence of centromeric DNA and proteins (e.g. CENH3 and/or CENP-C)
in most plants and animals. This model might also account for the
disappearance of CentO and CRRs from functional centromeres of
Oryza brachyantha, a wild rice species that diverged from Oryza
sativa (rice) 7–9 Mya. However, conserved CR sequences, cen-tromeric satellite repeats and CENH3 were found in multiple grass
species: for example, rice and maize, which diverged from each
other 50–70 Mya. Why have centromeric repeats undergone such
marked changes inO. brachyanthabut not in rice and maize? Are
there genetic factors that could suppress the process of centromere
drive?
Evolutionary stage of rice Cen8
最后一段写不下在图片里
着丝粒：模型，提出了选择的不平等传播—
锡安的竞争着丝粒女性减数分裂。
丝形成：形成的一个蛋白质结构，组装
着丝粒和联系染色体微管聚合物，这是
连接到有丝分裂纺锤体有丝分裂和减数分裂过程中真核生物。本
着丝点包含区内丝，这是紧密
与着丝粒；和一个外丝，其中
相互作用与微管。
阴性选择：自然选择，有选择地去除罕见等位基因
是有害的。
积极的选择：自然选择有利于一个等位基因，导致等位基因
频率不断变化的一个方向。
重组冷点：在减数分裂的基因组区域收缩—
问题是严重或完全压制在对比的基因组区域
在减数分裂重组发生正常或更频繁。
姐妹染色单体聚合：加入的姐妹染色单体复制
染色体沿整个长度的染色体，发生的过程
在有丝分裂。这种凝聚力周期是至关重要的高保真传输
染色体。
1盒。悬而未决的问题
作用的着丝粒序列
两学分和着丝粒卫星重复与Cen H3在所有
植物物种进行了调查。这些两班
着丝粒重复有相同或不同的角色在着丝粒
功能？non-crs和单拷贝序列也可以与
Cen H3在一些生物体[11,25,40]。这些cenh3-binding
序列所需的着丝粒的形成？发展
人工植物的染色体可能提供新的工具来研究
着丝粒结构和功能。什么是最低要求大会高效人工染色体？
分歧着丝粒的组件
着丝粒的驱动器已提出解释的快速diver-gence着丝粒和蛋白质（例如Cen H3和/或C）
在大多数植物和动物。这种模式可能也占了
失踪的摘录和crrs功能着丝粒
brachyantha稻，野生稻的物种分化与水稻
水稻（大米）7–9妙。然而，保守的富序列，cen-tromeric卫星重复和Cen H3被发现在多个草
种：例如，水稻和玉米，其中差异
其他50–70妙。为什么着丝粒重复了
显着的变化吸入。brachyanthabut不在水稻和玉米？是
有遗传因素，可能抑制过程的着丝粒
开车吗？
水稻cen8进化阶段追问
……童鞋……你用的什么翻译软件啊……念不通啊……
你不愿意回答就算了呗，实在不行我自己翻译不就是了
追答我只是见识过人家翻译文献赚钱而已，木有别的意思哈。。。不好意思嘞