第5个回答 2014-01-26
1英语句子成分讲座·主语
句子一般要有主语。在简单句中，主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语) 来充当。动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用 it 作形式主语。
■名词作主语
English is very important. 英语是很重要的。
The students all love their English teacher. 这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。
■代词作主语
They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。
Most of the students come from the countryside. 大多数学生来自农村。
■动名词作主语
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。
It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。
■动词不定式(短语)作主语
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
It is very hard to get to sleep. 入睡很难。
2.英语句子成分讲座·谓语
谓语必须由动词充当，但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态)，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
■及物动词作谓语
We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
They respect one another. 他们互相尊重(对方)。
All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
Did you see many people there? 你在那儿看见许多人了吗?
■不及物动词作谓语
He left here yesterday. 他昨天离开这儿。
You’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。
The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室，手里拿着书。
He went abroad in the September of 1988. 他于1988年9月出国。
■连系动词表状态
He is an excellent teacher. 他是位优秀的教师。
Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。
Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。
The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。
3.英语句子成分讲座·表语
表语与连系动词连用，构成系表结构，说明主语的身份或特征，一般由形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如：
They are brother and sister. 他们是兄妹。
What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。
Her father is sixty-five. 她父亲65岁。
John is captain of the team. 约翰是足球队的队长。
The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。
The ones who really want it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我们自己。
All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport. 你只需从机场打个的即可。
My favourite sport is swimming. 我最喜爱的运动是游泳。
4.英语句子成分讲座·宾语
宾语是行为动作的对象，一般可分为动词宾语和介词宾语，充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。如：
I like Chinese food. 我喜欢中国菜。
I bought a ticket for Milan. 我买了一张去米兰的车票。
I enjoyed talking to you. 我和你谈话很高兴。
Have you finished dressing? 你衣服穿好了吗?
He certainly did not want to join them. 他确实不想参加他们的活动。
They decided to close the border. 他们决定封闭边境。
We hoped that all would come well. 我们希望一切都会好转。
We expected that you would stay for a few days. 我们预计你会待几天的。
5.英语句子成分讲座·定语
定语为句子的次要成分，起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语) 或句子充当。
His father is a doctor. 他父亲是一名医生。
Mr. Green has two sons. 格林先生有两个儿子。
The girl under the tree is Kate. 在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。
The man downstairs couldn’t sleep well. 楼下的那个人不能睡好觉。
I bought a new dictionary. 我买了本新字典。
Can you find out the answer to the question？你能找到这个问题的答案吗？
Would you like something to drink? 你想要些喝的东西吗？
A barking dog seldom bites. 吠狗很少咬人。
A man going to die is always kind-hearted. 人之将死，其言也善。
The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. 送往委员会的建议被采纳了。
Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green? 你认识站在格林先生旁边的那个人吗？
6.英语句子成分讲座·状语
英语中的状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，主要由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词充当，或由连词引导状语从句，表示时间、地点、程度、目的、方式，比较、让步、条件、原因、结果、伴随等。
(1) 时间状语
I often get up at 5:30 in the morning. 我常常在早上5:30起床。
Hearing the news, they felt very excited. 听到这个消息，他们感到很兴奋。
Go along this street until you reach the end. 沿着这条街走直到到达尽头为止。
(2) 地点状语
Pandas only live in China. 熊猫仅生活在中国。
You should put the book where it was. 你应该把这本书放回原来的地方。
(3) 程度状语
I have quite a lot of work to do. 我有相当多的工作要做。
(4) 目的状语
We’ll go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday. 这个星期天我们将去沙滩野炊。
He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper. 他从口袋里掏出一些零钱来买报纸。
She got up early so that she could catch the first bus. 她早早地起床，以便能够赶上这辆早班车。
(5) 方式状语
We usually go to school on foot. 我们通常步行去上学。
Please do it as I told you. 请按我告诉你的去做。
(6) 让步状语
Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy. 虽然她很有钱，而她并不幸福。
No matter what happens, I will never lose heart. 无论发生什么，我将决不失去信心。
(7) 条件状语
If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall behind the others. 假如你不努力学习，你将落后于别人。
Given more attention, the flowers would have grown better. 如果给予更多的关心的话，这些花将长得更好。
(8) 比较状语
Your watch is not the same as mine. 你的手表与我的不一样。
Mike is not as (so) tall as Jack. 迈克不及杰克高。
(9) 原因状语
We didn’t go to the park because of the bad weather. 由于天气不好，我们没有去公园。
I’m glad to meet you. 见到你我很高兴。
Being ill, he didn’t go to school. 由于病了，他没有去上学。
(10) 结果状语
The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. 风是如此地猛烈，以致于我们寸步难行。
He left early, so that he caught the train. 他早早地离去，(结果) 因此赶上了火车。
(11) 伴随状语
The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm. 这位医生匆匆离去，胳膊下夹着一个药箱子。
The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students. 老师进到教室里来，后面跟着一群学生。
7.英语句子成分讲座·宾语补足语
宾语补足语主要用来补充说明宾语，与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系，可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如：
Tom found the climb quite easy. 汤姆觉得爬山很容易。
Don’t be so formal. Call me Jim. 不要这样正规，叫我吉姆好了。
I’m finished. Let’s go now. 我已干完，咱们走吧。
You must keep it clean. 你要把它保持干净。
I have the car waiting. 我让汽车等着。
We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器。
Why don’t you have your hair cut? 你为什么不理发?
He had his finger cut. 他的手指弄伤了。
I had my watch stolen yesterday. 我的表昨天被人偷去了。
I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多工作要做。
She has plenty of clothes to wear. 她有足够的衣服穿。
He made me repeat the story. 他要我把那事重讲一遍。
Rain makes plants grow. 雨水使植物生长。
注意：后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有 call, name, think, make, choose 等，后跟形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有 keep, find, get, think, make 等。动词不定式作宾语补足语时，当谓语动词为感官动词(如 feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at 等)，使役动词(如 let, have, make 等)，动词不定式不带 to。
不懂来追问我吧！
初中英语常见句型
do sth.
1. Why not do sth? 为什么不做某事 = Why don’t you do sth?
2 had better (not) do sth. 最好做/不要做某事
3 let/make/have sb. do sth. 让某人/使某人
3. 助动词/情态动词之后 + do sth 否定:情态动词+not do sth.
4. 祈使句：Do sth./ Don’t do sth. 做某事/不要做某事
5助动词: do does, did, shall will, should would及否定式
情态动词: can could, may might,shall should,will would,must need及否定式(区别：need to do sth.)
6．perfer to do----rather than + V (原型) /would rather do---than do
doing sth. 介词（in/ of/ about/to/at/for/by/after/before）+doing
(1) 某些动词后只能加ing
1 practise doing 练习做某事
2 enjoy doing 喜欢做某事
3 finish doing 完成, 结束做某事
4 mind doing 介意做某事
5 avoid doing 避免做某事
6 keep doing sth. 一直做某事
keep sb doing 使某人一直做某事
keep sb. from doing sth=stop/ prevent sb.（from）doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
7 can’t help doing 忍不住做某事
8 miss doing 想念 / 错过做某事
9 have fun doing 做某事感到快乐,有趣
10 protect sb. from doing sth. 保护某人免受……
(2) 介词+Ving 介词后碰到动词一概加ing .(at,in,for, of,to, about, by/after/before ,from against)
1 be good at /do well in擅长于做某事
2 be busy (in) doing 忙于做某事
3 find great pleasure in
4 be interested in
5 spend+时间/钱 (in) doing sth. 花…做某事
6 be helpful in/for
7 lose oneself in
8 have problem/difficulty/trouble(in) doing 做某事感到有困难
9 be sorry for
10 use sth for/ be used for doing
11 thank you for谢谢做某事
a ticket for doing …的罚单
It’s +time+for sb. for (doing) sth. 该是某人做某事的时候了
12 think of /about doing 考虑做某事
13 instead of doing
14 be afraid of害怕做某事 (比较be afraid to do sth.害怕去做某事)
15 be fond of/ be proud of
16 be/get used to doing
17 pay attention to注意做某事
18 say no to/
19 prefer doing to doing/ look forward to (盼望做某事)
20 what/ how about doing 做某事怎么样？
21 keep away from 远离做某事
22 prevent /stop sb (from) doing 阻止做某事
23 warn sb against doing
24 give up doing 放弃做某事
25 feel like doing 想要做某事=want to do/ would like to do sth.
26 there be +sb/sth doing +地点/时间 某地 /某时间有某人/某事正在做某事
27 by doing 通过做某事
28 when/after/before doing 在做某事时/后/前
29 伴随状语 e.g. He is lying on the grass, looking at the sky.
30 动词当主语用doing sth. e.g. Getting up early is good for your health.
31 go doing 去做某事 do some doing
32 consider doing 考虑做某事
33 drop up doing 放弃做某事
34 carry on doing 坚持不懈做某事
35 excuse doing 借口做某事
36 complete doing 完成做某事
37 suggest doing 建议做某事
38 imagine doing 想象做某事
39 can’t stand doing
40 be worth doing 值得去做某事
只加to的情况:
1 V + 疑问词 + to do ( V这类动词主要有: find out \ know \ wonder \ tell \ ask \ show \ see \ say \ understand （充当主语或宾语）I don’t know what to do./how to do it. (宾语)
2（1）It’s + adj. +for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说真是……hthy
（2）It’s + adj.（clever/ stupid/kind/nice）+of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真是……
3 (1) It’s +time+（for sb）. to do sth. 该是某人做某事的时候了
=It’s +time+for sb. for (doing) sth. 该是某人做某事的时候了
(2) It’s the best time/a good season/place to do/for doing sth. 是做某事的最好时间/季节/地点
（3）sth is the best time to do sth … 是做某事的最好时间
4 It’s one’s duty to do
5 It is one’s turn + to do
6 it takes sb some time to do 花某人多少时间做某事
It costs sb. some money to do sth. 花某人多少钱做某事
7 be+ adj （glad/happy/pleased/sorry ）+ + to do做某事很
8 be/get ready to do
9 be able to do sth. 能够做某事
10 be + adj.+enough+ to do sth. 足够…….去做某事He is not old enough to go to school.
11 be the first /last to do
12 be used + to do
13 be afraid to do
14 be sure to do
14 do/try one’s best to do
15 refuse + to do
16 make up one’s mind /decide + to do sth. 决定做某事 decide on sth. 决定某事
17 offer + to do
18 afford + to do. afford to do付得起做某事，能够做某事
19 have + to do不得不做某事/ have…..to do
20 use sth to do
21 plan/ make a plan to do
22 ask/tell sb + (not) to do
23 would like/ want(sb) + to do
24 manage to do设法做某事
25 used + to do = would do
26 take turns to do 轮流做某事
27 wish (sb) + to do/ hope + to do
28 get sb. to do sth. 叫/让某人做某事
29 fail + to do
30 advise sb + to do建议某人做某事
31 encourage sb+ to do
32 take the place of sb to do
33 invite sb + to do
34 agree (sb) + to do同意(某人)做某事
35 happen + to do
36 order sb to do
37 teach sb + to do教某人做某事
38 find/think it + adj (for sb ) + to do发现/认为做某事……
39 can’t wait + to do
40 cause + to do
41 seem to do 似乎……
42 warn sb (not) to do
43 lead sb to do
44 too+adj +(for sb) to do太……以致不能……
45 不定代词n /+ to do
46 a good way/time/season to do
47 need to do sth 需要做某事 （比较 need do sth.）
48 use sth. to do sth.用某物做某事
49 go/come to do sth. 去/来做某事
50 can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事
51 to do 充当主语，表语，定语，目的状语等
52 learn to do sth. 学习做某事
53 be about + to do
54 trouble + to do
55 deserve + to do
56 allow/permit + to do
57 be made + to do
9 begin / start to do (强调动作的开始)
begin /start doing (强调动作开始以后要继续下去)
10 need to do (需要做某事-------强调主动,主语一般是人)
need doing (需要做某事-------强调被动,主语一般是物)
11 感官动词
want doing (要做某事--------强调被动,主语一般是物)
17 nice to do/ doing sth. 很高兴做某事/做过某事
18 (help sb. to do sth.