第1个回答 2016-01-07
英语发音中的省音和弱读现象
在英语发音中，并不是每个音、每个单词都发的很清晰，有一些音可能是被省掉了，有的词
可能被弱读了。如果对英语发音中的省音和弱读现象不了解，那么就很难听懂地道的英国人
或者美国人的发音。
首先是英语发音中的常见省音现象：
一、 爆破音/b/ /p/ /d/ /t/ /g/ /k/
1. 以上任何一个爆破音后面如果紧接着是一个辅音或者半元音，那么这个爆破音将不再发
音，仅空半拍就行。如Good morning!可以发为/gu_m&<499;rni&&31;/，/d/这个音并没有
发出来，而只是空半拍。再如doctor 这个单词，本来应该发音为/darkt&O01;r/，但/k/音后
面是辅音/t/，故/k/不再发音，即/dar_t&O01;r/。
2. 以上任何一个爆破音在句尾时，这个爆破音不再发音。如Good night!最后的/t/音便不
再发，整句话可读作/gu_nai_/。
3. 两个连续的爆破音在词尾，后面紧接着是辅音或半元音时，这两个爆破音均不发音。如
Picked me up.这句话中picked 本来应该发音为/pikd/，但/k/和/d/均为爆破音，而且后面紧
接辅音/m/，故这两个爆破音都不再发音。这句话可以发音为：/pi_mi лp/。
二、/s/-/z/ /ts/-/dz/ /∫/-/з/ /t∫/-/dз/ /θ/-/?/
以上任何两个音相遇，只读后面的那个音，而前面的音则省略不发。如：Who is Stone?
可把前面一个/z/省掉，只读作/hu i st&O01;un/。
三、/h/
任何一个辅音，若后面紧跟着/h/音，那么此时/h/不发音。如Come here!可以发作/kлm i&
O01;/；再如I love her.可以发作/ai lлv &O01;r/。
四、/v/
1.此音后面若紧跟辅音，此时/v/不发音。如Give me 可以发音为/gi_mi:/。
2./v/+/w/时，/v/不发音。如of water=a water
虚拟语气是一个比较困难的语法问题。然而只要我们好好总结一下虚拟语气的构成和用法，
那就可以化难为易了。现将虚拟语气有关用法归纳如下：
1．虚拟语气在条件句中的用法
（1）若表示与现在事实相反的假设，则条件从句中用过去式，主句中用过去将来
式（would，should，could，might + 动词原形）；若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大，则条
件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如：
I would certainly go if I had time．（现在）
If it should rain，we wouldn”t go out.（将来）
If I knew German，I would read the paper to you．（现在）
If he were here，we could ask him．（现在）
（2）若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用过去将来
完成式（should，would，could，might + have + 过去分词）。如：
If I had set off a little earlier， I would have caught the train．
She would / might have come if she hadn”t been so busy．
If I hadn”t taken your advice，I would have made a bad mistake．
If only you hadn”t told him the news．
（3）含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were 这三个词的话，
在正式或书面语言中可将if 省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。
如：
Had they time（=If they had time），they would certainly come and help us．
Should it be fine（=If it should be fine），we would go for an outing．
Were I go（=If I were you）， I would go．
（4）若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与
现在事实相反；或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具
体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如：
If it had rained last night（过去），It would be very cold today（现在）．
If I had taken your advice（过去），I should have no trouble with the work now（现在）．
2．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法
在动词 suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist 等后的宾语从句中，用
虚拟语气（即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形）来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动
词wish /would rather 后的宾语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与
过去事实不符。如：
I suggest that we（should）set off at once．
The doctor insisted that the patient (should)be X-rayed．
I wish I were as strong as you．
I would rather that you hadn”t told him．
3．虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
在 It is necessary/important/strange/natural；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed；it is a
pity 等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：
It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once．
It is requested that Professor Li（should）give us a speech．
It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonight．
4．虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。
在 suggestion， proposal，idea，plan，order，advice 等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句
中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：
Our suggestion is that you（ should）be the first to go．
My advice is that we（should）send for Doctor Li．
Do you know the order that you（should）keep watch？
5．虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法
在 as if 引导的状语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事
实不符；在so that，in order that 引导的状语从句中，常用should/would/could/might+动词原
形来表示虚拟语气。如：
They talked as if they had been friends for years．
She stayed at home for a few days so that she could take care of her mother．
He took a taxi to the station so that she should not miss the train．
6．虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法：
在 it is time 后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟。
虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测， 建议等含义，虚
拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。
If I were you, I'd take them away.
如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们。
If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him.
如果我碰见了李华，我就告诉了他了。
If I had time. I could come to help you.
如果我有时间，我会来帮助你的。
He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups.
他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。
He speaks to us as if he had been there.
他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。
虚拟语气的用法
1) 虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。
May you be happy.
祝你幸福。
May you have a good time.
祝愿你玩的痛快。
May the friendship between us last long.
祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
Have a good journey!
祝愿你旅途愉快！
You go out！
你出去！
2) 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。动词 wish, suggest,order,insist, propose,等词后面的宾语从
句表示的是一种虚拟语气， 宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望，要求。
I wish she would be on my side.
我希望她能站在我一边。
I wish I could help him.
我希望我能帮助他。
He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.
他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
动词 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的从句中，"should" 可以省略。
The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.
老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.
他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
3) 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。
在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... " 中，that 后面的从句中的谓
语动词用： should + 动词原形
It's necessary that we should have a walk now.
我们有必要出去散散步。
It's natural that she should do so.
她这样做是很自然的。
It's important that we should take good care of the patient.
重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
4) 虚拟语气用在状语从句中。
虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的主句中。在表示与事实相反的虚
拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在，过去和将来。
与现在事实相反的：
条件从句结果从句
If I (we,you,he,they)+ 动词过去式.. if I (he,she) were... I (we) should + 动词原形。 He
(you,they) would + 动词原形。
与过去事实相反的：
条件从句结果从句
If I(we,you,he,they)+ had + 过去分词 I(we)should + have+ 过去分词。He (you,they)
would + have + 过去分词。
If I were you, I should buy it.
如果我是你，我就买了它。
If I had time, I would study French.
如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。
If she knew English,she would not ask me for help.
如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。
If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.
如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。
If it were fine tomorrow,I would go shopping.
如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。
有关虚拟语气的几个问题：
1) 有时if 引导的状语从句可以省略 if，而把从句中的动词 were, had 或 should 移到
主语前面。
Were she younger, she would do it .
如果她年青点， 她就会干的。
Had he known her address, he would had gone to visite her.
如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。
2) 有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个主句或者一个条
件从句。
I could help you.
我本来可以帮助你。
If I had time.
我要有时间该多好啊。
She should have come to the party.
她应该来参加聚会。
If he had much more money.
如果他有更多的钱就能...。
3) 虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。
If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.
如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。
If he had not taken my advice, he wouldn't do it much better like this.
如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。